Furnace wall



NOV. 10, 1931. J LQDWICK 1,831,675

' FURNACE WALL Filed Dec. 3, 1927 5 Sheets-Sheet l Nov. 10, 1 931. .1. A. LODWICK 1,831,675

FURNACE WALL Filed Dec. 5, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 gvwawtoz $51 elm Wm Patented Nov. 10, 1931 JASON A. nonwicxx, won, new Yon-x, ASSIGNOR mo mnarcair comm, ohm Yonx, N. 1.,

A, CORPORATION OF DELAWARE '1 romance WALL k a nomiilnedmem er 3,1927. Serial in. 237,400. r

This invention relates to furnace walls, and more particularly to? air-cooled walls and bricks therefor.

It is one of the primary purposes of this invention to prevent falling-in, bowing, crackin and spallin of refractory walls.

Flore specifica l it is an obJect of the inwall construction wherein the blocks, while constituting a substantially gas-tight refrac-Q tory wall, are yet individually capable, of

compensating for expansion and contraction in the wall resulting from variations in tem- 5 perature.

A further object of the invention is the provision of bricks for such a wall structure which, while admitting of an ample circulation of air, are nevertheless simple and rug ged in contour and proportions, and, conse quently, easily and cheaply manufactured and not readily broken either in handling or while in service.

How these advantages, and otherswhlch are incident to the invention or will occur to" those skilled in the art, are obtained, will be evident from the following description of thepresent preferred embodiment of the invention, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 is an elevational view of a portion of a furnace wall illustrating-an embodiment ofmy invention;

Fig. 2 is a vertical section taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectiontaken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a similar section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1;

Figs, 5 and 6 are perspective views of the header and filler blocks, respectively, em ployed in the wall; I l r Figs. 7 and 8 are similar views showing-a modified form of header and filler block, respectively, which may be used in a modified form of the wall;

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary elevation of a wall embodying the blocks of Figs. 7 and 8;

Fig. 10 is a section on the line 10-10 of Fig. 9, and l f. Fig, 11 is a section on the.line -11 11 of ller blocks 4, laid in horizontal courses or rows, there being a pair of courses of header blocks 3 between ad]acent courses of the filler blocks 4, the blocks of one course of each ;such pair being reversed or turned upside relation to the other course of the down with pair. p

This construction, however, with its details, will be better understood from an inspection of Figs. 5 and 6, showing the bricks in perspective. y p

The header blocks 3 each have a vertical grooveior' recess 5 at each end, adapted, when ;gortion composed of header blocks 3 and vention to provide an improved air-cooled ,in-{zlpoejition' in the wall, to provide vertical aing ch nn els 6 (see Figs. 3 and 4) The por- .tion of the brick, back of the grooves 5, is adapted to be bonded or tied into wall structure 2 and to fit snugl at its ends 9g'against adjacent header bloc s or bricks "i(seei;,Figs. 2 to 4), while theforward por- .ti'on of the brick, from the grooves 5 to the exposed face 8, is somewhat shorter between its ends 10, so that, when the bricks are in One horizontal face 'of the brick 3 is flat, so

the outer position, as in Figs, 4, a space 11 is left bef tween gadjacent bricks to permit horizontal that, by reversal, two horizontal courses of them may be juxtaposed, as shown in Fig. 2, while the opposite face has a step or recess "12 adjacent the front face 8, such step being of sufficient vertical depth to leave a space 13, (as shown in-Fig. 2) between the bricks 3 and the filler blocks 4 to permit vertical expansion of each brick in the wall. A small groove 14 may be provided in each end of the .brick for the insertion of fire clay, asbestos 'rope, or other compressible material 20, to seal the air passages from the furnace gases. .The filler blocks'4 (see Fig. 6') are shouldered or recessed at 19 for engagement with 'theheader brick, and vare of less thickness or depth into the wall, than the latter, so that the horizontal air assages 15, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, are ormed by the spaces between the back of the filler blocks, the outer Wall structure 2, and the adjacent courses of header brick 3. At each end of each filler block, at a point intermediate the front and back faces, a groove 16 may be provided, the length of the portion of the block in front of this point being somewhat less than the length of the portion in back thereof, so that the blocks when in place, as in Fig. 3, make contact at 17 but have a space 18 for horizontal expansion at their exposed faces where they are subjected to the heat of the furnace. Vertical expansion is provided for, as shown in Fig. 2, by the clearance 13 already referred to. The grooves 16 provide for the insertion of the compressible material 20 (see Fig. 3), just as in the case of the header brick.

It is obvious that the exposed portions of the blocks, which are subjected to great temperature, are quite free to expand in any direction without binding and without the cracking, breaking or spalling incident there to, while the protected portions thereof, upon the very slight expansion which they undergo, tend to hold the wall firmly into its supporting structure. I

In the form of the invention illustrated in Figs. 7 to 11. I employ a modified form of header and filler block 3a and 40, similar in general form to the blocks of Figs. 5 and 6, but having the face portions 36 and 4?), respectively, oflset longitudinally of the brick so as to form lap or by-pass joint in the horizontal, as well as the vertical, courses, such joints being what are frequently called broken joints, i. e. joints formed with a right-angular break. The portions 3?) and 4?) are, as in the other form of brick, of such dimensions relative to the rear portions as to provide the same clearance or tolerance for expansion of the bricks on the exposed side; that is, expansion spaces 13 are provided for vertical expansion, and expansion spaces 11a and 18a (between header. and filler, blocks, respectively) are provided for horizontal expansion. The header blocks make contact .at the back at 9a (as in the first-described construction) to insure proper bonding into the supporting wall 2. In other words, as is evident from Figs. 9 to 11, the construction of blocks shown in Figs. 7 and 8 provides bypassed joints throughout the wall, both horizontally and vertically, giving absolute freedom of expansion for the fire face of each block; provides also vertical and horizontal air channels 6a and 15a (exactly similar to the channels 6 and 15 of Figs. 1 to 4) and insures against intermingling of the furnace gases and the air in the channels, by said bypassed joints, for no matter what conditions of expansion or contraction are present, the

adjacent blocks are always in slidin contact with each other. Adjacent header locks 3a are in contact at a (Fig. 11) adjacent filler blocks 40, are in contact at Z) (Fig. 10) and the header blocks are in contact with the tiller blocks at 0 (Fig. 9).

From the foregoing, it will be seen that I have provided a wall of great stability and strength, two courses of every three, of the refractory brick, being bonded into the supporting wall; a wall of substantially gastight unity; means for circulating air both vertically and horizontally for the preheating thereof and the cooling of the blocks; and full, adequate and complete compensation for the expansion of the individual bricks in any direction; and have accomplished the foregoing with the use of two simplefor'ms of block, a header block and a filler block, both of which are of solid and rugged construction and easy to make, since there are no cavities or passages within the blocks themselves.

I claim:

1. A furnace wall comprising a supporting structure, and a refractory block lining bonded thereto and having means forming by-passed joints and air channel means behind said joints.

2. A furnace wall comprising a supporting structure, and a refractory block lining bonded thereto and having means forming by-passed joints and air channel means behind said joint-s, each block having freedom fog expansion in any direction at its exposed 51 e.

3. A furnace wall comprising a supporting structure, and a refractory block lining bonded thereto and having means forming horizontal and vertical by-passed joints and air channel means behind said joints.

4. A furnace wall comprising a supporting structure, and a refractory block lining bonded thereto and having means forming horizontal and vertical by-passed joints throughout, and air channel means behind said joints.

5. In'a furnace wall structure, a supporting wall, and a refractory wall having header blocks bonded into the supporting wall and filler blocks supported by the header blocks, said refractory wall having means forming by-passed vertical and horizontal joints.

6. In a furnace Wall structure, a supporting wall, and a refractory Wall having courses of header blocks bonded into the supporting wall and courses of filling blocks supported between courses of the header blocks, said blocks having interengaging shoulders providing expansion spaces.

7. In a furnace wall structure, a supporting wall, and a refractory wall having courses of header blocks bonded into the supporting wall and courses of filler blocks supported between courses of the header blocks, said blocks having interengaging shoulders providing expansion spaces horizontally and vertically.

8. In a furnace wall structure, 9. support ing wall, and a refractory wall having sources of header blocks bonded into the supporting wall and courses of filler blocks supported between courses of the header blocks, said blocks having interengaging shoulders providing expansion spaces between the blocks and sliding contact in a plane parallel to the plane of the wall.

9. In a furnace wall structure, a supporting wall, and a refractory wall having header blocks bonded into the supporting wall and filler blocks supported by the header blocks, said refractory wall having air-channels and expansion-compensating means between said channels and the side of the wall exposed to the heat of the furnace.

10. In a furnace wall structure, a supporting wall, and a refractory wall having header blocks bonded into the supporting wall and filler blocks supported by the header blocks, said refractory wall having air-channels and expansion-compensating means between said channels and the side of the wall exposed to the heat of the furnace, said means including by-passed joints providing expansion spaces between blocks.

11. In a furnace wall structure, a supporting wall, and a refractory wall having header blocks bonded into the supporting wall and filler blocks supported by the header blocks. said refractory wall having air-channels and expansion-compensating means between said channels and the side of the wall exposed to L .the heat of the furnace. said means including by-passed joints providing vertical and horizontal expansion spaces between blocks.

12. In a furnace wall structure, a supporting wall, and a refractory wall having header blocks bonded into the supporting wall and filler blocks supported by the header blocks. said refractory wall having air-channels and expansion-compensating means between said channels and the side of the wall exposed to A the heat of the furnace. said means including by-passed joints providing expansion spaces between blocks and sliding contact in a plane parallel to the plane of the wall.

13. A furnace wall comprising, in combination, a supporting structure and a substantially gas tight wall of refractory blocks sup,- ported thereby, said blocks being in relatively tight interengagement at the unexposed side but having relative clearance at the exposed side so as to be individually free to expand in adplurality of directions on their exposed s1 e.

14. A furnace wall comprising, in combination, a supporting structure and a substantially gas-tight wall of refractory blocks supported thereby, said blocks being in relatively tight interengagement at the unexposed side but each having the portion adtion.

A furnace wall comprising, in combination, a supporting structure and a substantiallyfas-tight wall of refractory blocks supthereby, said blocks being in relatively I porte tight interengagement. at the unexposedside but each having the portion adjacent the exposed face cut away so as to be free to expand in a: plurality of directions and having cooling means behind such portion, said means including horizontal and vertical air channels.

j 16. A furnace wall comprising, int-combination, a supporting structure and a sub stantially gas-tight wall of refractory blocks supported thereby, said Blocks being free to expand in any direction on their exposed side, together with interconnected air sages in the wall, certain of which lie in the refractory wall and certain others of which lie between the refractory blocks and the supporting structure.

17. A furnace wall comprising, in combination. a supporting structure and a substantially gas-tight wall of refractory blocks supported thereby, said blocks individually having means providing free expansion in any direction on their exposedside, together with interconnected air passages in the wall, and means preventing entry of the furnace gases thereinto.

18. In a furnace wall construction, a sup: porting structure, and a refractory lining supported therefrom and including pairs of courses of blocks each having a longitudinal shoulder in an edge on the side remote from the supporting structure and a course of blocks positioned between said pairs of courses and each having complementary longitudinal shoulders on the edges toward the supporting structure.

19. In a furnace wall construction, a supporting structure, and a refractory lining supported therefrom and including pairs of courses of blocks each having a longitudinal shoulder in an edge on the side remote from the supporting structure and a course of blocks positioned between said pairs of courses and eachhaving complementary longitudinal shoulders on the edges toward the supporting structure, the blocks of one course of a pair being inverted in position with respect to the blocks of the other course of the pair.

20. In a furnace wall construction, a supporting structure. and a refractory lining supported therefrom and including pairs of courses of blocks each having a longitudinal shoulder in an edge on the side remote from the supporting structure and a course of blocks positioned between said pairs of courses and each having complementary lonpasgitudinal shoulders on the edges toward the supporting structure, said second-mentioned blocks being of less thickness than those firstmentioned, to provide air spaces between them and the supporting structure.

21. A refractory brick for furnace walls having a wall-engaging portion and a portion adapted to be exposed to the heat of the furnace, the latter portion having parallel sides and being of less dimension than the former in at least one direction in the plane of the wall.

22. A refractory brick for furnace walls having a wall-engaging portion, .a portion adapted to be exposed to the heat of the fur.-

7 nace, and a groove in a face of the brick, ly-

ing between said portions, said latter portion being of less dimension than the first-mentioned portion in at least one direction in the plane of the wall.

23. A refractory block for furnace walls having a portion adapted to be exposed to the heat of the furnace and a portion of greater overall dimension in at least one direction adapted to make a substantially gas-tight fitiwith the wall structure, and a groove between said portions on a face of the block;

24. An air-cooled refractory furnace'wall block having agroove at an end thereof, the distance between the parallel faces of the block on one side of the groove being less than the distance between the parallel faces on the other side of the groove.

25. An air-cooled refractory furnace wall block having a groove at an end thereof, the distance between the parallel faces of the block on one side of the groove being less than the distance between the parallel faces on the other side of the groove, and the body of the block having a longitudinal shoulder in an edge thereof between the nearer parallel faces.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name.

JASON A. LODWICK. 

